Table 2. Characteristics of RCTs included in this systematic review (n=13) Abbreviations: CPP-ACP: Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate; CPP-ACFP: Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride.

First author, year	Country	Examination methods	Groups (n)	Study design	Follow-up period
Bailey, 2009 (23)	Australia	Clinical examination; quantitative light-induced fluorescence; digital photographs	Placebo (22), CPP-ACP (23)	Double-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial	3 months
Beerens, 2010 (21)	Netherlands	Clinical examination; quantitative light-induced fluorescence	Control (27), CPP-ACPF (27)	Double-blind prospective, randomized controlled trial	3 months
Brochner, 2011 (9)	Denmark	Clinical examination; quantitative light-induced fluorescence; digital photographs	Control (25), CPP-ACP (25)	Single-blind, randomized controlled trial	One month
Robertson, 2011 (18)	USA	Clinical examination; digital photographs	Placebo (26), CPP-ACPF (26)	Double-blind, prospective, randomized controlled trial	3 months
Akin, 2012 (14)	Turkey	Clinical examination; digital photographs	Control (20), fluoride rinse (20), CPP-ACP (20), micro-abrasion (20)	Parallel-group, prospective randomized controlled trial	6 months
Huang, 2013 (1)	USA	Digital photographs	Control (41), CPP-ACPF (34), fluoride varnish (40)	Parallel-group, single-blind, active-controlled, randomized trial	6 months
Baroni, 2014 (15)	Italy	Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)	Control (10), CPP-ACPF (10)	Single-blind, prospective, randomized controlled trial	6 months
Groisman, 2015 (19)	Brazil	Clinical examination; digital photographs	CPP-ACPF (12)	Randomized controlled trial	12 months
Singh, 2016 (16)	India	Clinical examination; DIAGNOdent pen	Control (15), fluoride varnish (15), CPP-ACP (15)	Single-blind, randomized controlled trial	6 months
Karabekiroğlu, 2017 (17)	Turkey	Clinical examination; DIAGNOdent pen	Control (12), CPP-ACP (12)	Single blinded-randomized controlled trial	36 months
Beerens, 2018 (22)	Netherlands	Clinical examination; quantitative light-induced fluorescence	Control (27), CPP-ACPF (27)	Double-blinded, prospective, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial	3 months
Heravi, 2018 (8)	Iran	Quantitative light-induced fluorescence	Control (12), CPP-ACFP (12), Remin Pro (12)	Single-blind, parallel-group, randomized, controlled trial	3 months
Rechmann, 2018 (20)	USA	Clinical examination; quantitative light-induced fluorescence; digital photographs	Fluoride rinse (18), CPP-ACPF (19)	Single-blind, prospective, randomized controlled trial	12 months