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Bailey, 2009 (23)
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WSLs had a significantly greater chance of regression at 12 weeks following twice a day application of a remineralizing cream containing CPP-ACP compared with a placebo cream (P<0.05).
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Beerens, 2010 (21)
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There was no clinical advantage for use of CPP-ACPF compared to a fluoride-free control paste over a 12-week period.
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Brochner, 2011 (9)
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Topical treatment with CPP-ACP significantly decreased the change in fluorescence values (∆F) and area of the lesions after 4 weeks (P<0.05), but the improvement was not superior compared to daily use of fluoride toothpaste (control).
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Robertson, 2011 (18)
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CPP-ACPF prevented the development and decreased the number of WSLs, but the placebo had no preventive action.
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Akin, 2012 (14)
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CPP-ACP increased the remineralization of demineralized enamel more than fluoride rinse and control groups (P<0.05), but not the micro-abrasion group.
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Huang, 2013 (1)
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CPP-ACPF did not appear to be more effective than normal home or fluoride varnish care for improving the appearance of WSLs over an 8-week period.
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Baroni, 2014 (15)
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CPP-ACPF had positive in vivo effects on enamel surfaces. Significant changes in surface roughness occurred after a 3-week period of application of CPP-ACPF compared to control.
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Groisman, 2015 (19)
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Commercially available CPP-ACPF paste was successful in enamel remineralization of WSLs during a 12-month follow-up of orthodontic patients, even when used for only for 4 weeks.
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Singh, 2016 (16)
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The use of fluoride varnish and CPP-ACPF cream had no superior efficacy compared to daily use of fluoride toothpaste alone (control) in reducing the severity of WSLs.
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Karabekiroğlu, 2017 (17)
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Daily use of CPP-ACP did not appear to be more effective than 1,450 ppm fluoridated toothpaste (control) for improving the appearance of WSLs after 36 months.
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Beerens, 2018 (22)
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Additional use of CPP-ACPF in patients with subsurface enamel lesions after fixed orthodontic treatment did not improve these lesions during one year after debonding.
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Heravi, 2018 (8)
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(I) Application of CPP-ACPF caused a significant decrease in the area of WSLs, which was significantly greater than that of the control group (P<0.05). (II) The mineral content of WSLs was enhanced in all groups throughout the experiment, but the degree of enhancement was significantly greater in CPP-ACPF than the control group. (III) A significantly greater improvement in the appearance of WSLs occurred following the use of CPP-ACPF as compared to patients receiving the usual home care (P<0.05).
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Rechmann, 2018 (20)
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(I) Daily application of CPP-ACPF resulted in no statistically significant difference in the sum of enamel decalcification index and international caries detection and assessment system scores. (II) Daily application of CPP-ACPF did not appear to significantly decrease the incidence of WSLs during fixed orthodontic treatment.
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