TABLE 4.
Participant ratings of learning gains from summer research programa.
| 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 3-year Mean | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||||
| OK | All | OK | All | OK | All | OK | All | |
|
|
||||||||
| Mean Likert Scaleb | Mean Likert Scaleb | Mean Likert Scaleb | Mean Likert Scaleb | |||||
| Career orientation | ||||||||
| Clarification of a career path | 3.77 | 3.32 | 3.68 | 3.33 | 3.62 | 3.36 | 3.69 | 3.51 |
| Confidence | ||||||||
| Improved self-confidence | 3.92 | 3.51 | 3.83 | 3.52 | 3.62 | 3.50 | 3.79 | 3.51 |
| Confidence in potential as a teacher | 3.49 | 3.19 | 3.72 | 3.21 | 3.44 | 3.19 | 3.55 | 3.20 |
| Tolerance for obstacles in research process | 3.94 | 3.84 | 3.98 | 3.87 | 3.81 | 3.85 | 3.91 | 3.85 |
| Readiness for more demanding research | 3.97 | 3.78 | 4.04 | 3.79 | 3.58 | 3.80 | 3.86 | 3.79 |
| Knowledge, skills, and understanding of science | ||||||||
| Understanding how knowledge is constructed | 4.03 | 3.62 | 4.00 | 3.65 | 3.65 | 3.62 | 3.89 | 3.63 |
| Understanding the research process | 4.00 | 3.89 | 4.02 | 3.90 | 3.92 | 3.89 | 3.98 | 3.89 |
| Ability to integrate theory and practice | 3.94 | 3.61 | 4.02 | 3.65 | 3.77 | 3.62 | 3.91 | 3.63 |
| Understanding how scientists work on real problems | 3.97 | 3.82 | 4.26 | 3.85 | 3.92 | 3.86 | 4.05 | 3.84 |
| Understanding that scientific assertions require evidence | 3.86 | 3.59 | 4.15 | 3.61 | 3.65 | 3.60 | 3.87 | 3.60 |
| Ability to analyze data and other information | 3.86 | 3.72 | 4.04 | 3.73 | 3.77 | 3.73 | 3.89 | 3.73 |
| Understanding science | 4.00 | 3.58 | 4.04 | 3.60 | 3.69 | 3.60 | 3.91 | 3.59 |
| Learning ethical conduct | 3.66 | 3.28 | 3.62 | 3.26 | 3.46 | 3.34 | 3.58 | 3.29 |
| Learning laboratory techniques | 4.11 | 3.78 | 3.96 | 3.80 | 3.92 | 3.76 | 4.00 | 3.78 |
| Ability to read and understand primary literature | 3.67 | 3.58 | 3.89 | 3.56 | 3.46 | 3.56 | 3.67 | 3.57 |
| Skill in giving an effective oral presentation | 3.78 | 3.43 | 3.68 | 3.47 | 3.35 | 3.43 | 3.60 | 3.44 |
| Skill in science writing | 3.47 | 3.27 | 3.70 | 3.21 | 3.73 | 3.21 | 3.63 | 3.23 |
| Understanding how scientists think | 4.11 | 3.55 | 4.02 | 3.57 | 3.73 | 3.55 | 3.95 | 3.56 |
| Skill in interpretation of results | 3.83 | 3.69 | 4.00 | 3.68 | 3.69 | 3.67 | 3.84 | 3.68 |
| Learning to work independently | 3.83 | 3.69 | 4.17 | 3.71 | 3.73 | 3.72 | 3.91 | 3.71 |
| Becoming part of a learning community | 3.74 | 3.61 | 3.96 | 3.61 | 3.68 | 3.62 | 3.79 | 3.61 |
a
Not all students completed the survey without skipping a question, and therefore the denominator for different questions may vary.
b
Mean was calculated by averaging responses to a series of questions based on 5-point Likert scales, ranging from 1, strongly disagree to 5, strongly agree.