Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Nov 7;13:1180. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01180

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2019 Hohmann, Pelzer, Kleine, Hohmann, Ghadban and Dehghani.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Effect of 2-AG and PEA on ramification index, proliferation index and nitrite concentration of primary rat microglia. Representative pictures of stained microglia for (A) ramification index (IB₄) and (B) proliferation rate (BrdU in green, DAPI in blue). Scale bar = 50 μm. (C) Effects of 2-AG and PEA on ramification index. Application of LPS (n_LPS = 22) led to an increase in the ramification index in comparison to control group (CTL; n_CTL = 22). Whereas PEA co-applied with LPS (n_LPS₊_PEA = 23) reduced the ramification index significantly, 2-AG (n_LPS₊_2–AG = 23) had no effect. 2-AG, PEA, or combination of both applied alone (n_PEA = 19, n_2–AG = 22, n_2–AG₊_PEA = 22) had no effect on ramification index. The combination of LPS, 2-AG and PEA (n_LPS₊_2–AG₊_PEA = 22) led to decrease in the ramification index in comparison to the groups treated with LPS and 2-AG. (D) No effect of 2-AG and PEA with/or without LPS on proliferation of primary microglia cells could be observed (n_CTL = 12, n_LPS = 12, n_PEA = 11, n_2–AG = 11, n_2–AG₊_PEA = 12, n_LPS₊_PEA = 12, n_LPS₊_2–AG = 11, n_LPS₊_2–AG₊_PEA = 12). (E) Effects of 2-AG and PEA on nitrite concentration after 72 h. PEA, 2-AG, or PEA combined with 2-AG had no effect on the nitrite concentration in primary microglia (n_CTL = 18, n_PEA = 18, n_2–AG = 18, n_2–AG₊_PEA = 18). After administration of LPS, nitrite concentration increased significantly. PEA co-applied with LPS (n_LPS₊_PEA = 18) decreased the NO production in comparison to LPS (n_LPS = 18). 2-AG+LPS (n_LPS₊_2–AG = 18) and also 2-AG+PEA+LPS (_nLPS₊_2–AG₊_PEA = 18) treated microglia produced significantly more NO in comparison to LPS. Statistics was performed using a one-way ANOVA test with Bonferroni correction and significance was chosen for p < 0.05. The asterisk denotes significant results regarding the respective measurement indicated with the bar. The values are served as a mean with standard error of the mean.