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. 2019 Nov 7;10:2462. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02462

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Copyright © 2019 Hua, Korany, El-Shinawy and Zhu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Antimicrobial efficacy of quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) against L. monocytogenes biofilms on food-contact surfaces. (A) Stainless steel (SS); (B) low-density polyethylene (LDPE); (C) polyvinyl chloride (PVC); (D) polyester (PET); (E) rubber. The 7-day-old biofilms on different surface coupons (15 mm × 7.5 mm) were treated with 200 or 400 ppm QAC for 1 or 5 min at 22°C. The surviving bacteria were shown as means ± SEMs, n = 3. ^a–dBars topped with the different letters are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05.