Table 2.
Outcomes of interest.
| Parameters | SP1 (N = 16) | SP2 (N = 10) | SP3 (N = 28) | Total procedures (N = 54) SP1 + SP2 + SP3 | Comparison SP1 + SP2/SP3 (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of remifentanil administration (minutes), median (IQ 25–75) | 6 (2–12) |
8 (7–11) |
4 (2–4) |
4 (3–8) |
<0.001 |
| Cumulative dose of remifentanil (μg/kg), median (IQ 25–75) | 3 (1–6) |
3 (2–3.3) |
0.6 (0.3–1) |
1 (0.6–3) | <0.001 |
| Total laryngoscopic time (minutes), median (IQ 25–75) | 5 (2–8) |
3 (1–4) |
5 (2–8) |
4 (2–8) |
0.62 |
| Attempts for successful intubation, n (%) | 0.44 | ||||
| First attempt | 4 (25) | 5 (50) | 9 (32) | 18 (33) | |
| Second attempt | 9 (56) | 4 (40) | 10 (36) | 23 (43) | |
| Third attempt | 3 (19) | 1 (10) | 8 (29) | 12 (22) | |
| Fourth attempt | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 1 (2) | |
| Change in heart rate > 50 % of baseline during procedure, n (%) | 5 (31) | 2 (20) | 5 (18) | 12 (23) | 0.51 |
| Change in oxygen saturation > 50% of baseline during procedure, n (%) | 6 (38) | 5 (50) | 9 (32) | 20 (37) | 0.41 |
| Change in mean blood pressure > 50% of baseline procedure, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (7) | 2 (4) | 0.49 |
| Change in respiratory rate > 50% of baseline procedure, n (%) | 2 (13) | 2 (20) | 2 (7) | 6 (11) | 0.42 |
| Additional Epinephrine given, n (%) | 1 (6) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | 0.23 |
| Additional Naloxone given, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| Additional Mivacurium given, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 1 (2) | – |
| APN score (0–10)a, median (IQ 25–75) | |||||
| Before intubation | 2 (0–7) | 1 (0–1) | 5 (2–7) | 2 (0–5) | 0.09 |
| During intubation | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–2) | 0.13 |
| After intubation | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0.52 |
| Adverse events, n (%) | |||||
| Chest wall rigidity | 3 (19) | 0 (0) | 3 (11) | 6 (11) | 1.0 |
| Other respiratory problemsb | 3 (19) | 2 (20) | 0 (0) | 5 (9) | 0.02 |
| Laryngospasm | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0.48 |
| Total number of adverse eventsc | 6 (38) | 3 (30) | 3 (11) | 12 (22) | 0.05 |
IQ: interquartile. SD: standard deviation.
a
APN: Acute Pain in Newborn infants score of 0 (no pain) to 10 (highest pain) comprising 3 assessments (facial responses, limb movements, and vocal expression of pain). The APN scores were available for 23 intubations.
b
Other respiratory problems were defined as a prolonged desaturation requiring a transient increase of ventilatory settings at an unexpected level, excluding chest wall rigidity.
c
Number of adverse events per total number of procedures.