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. 2019 Nov 7;10:2577. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02577

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Copyright © 2019 Lian, Zhang, Zhao, Chen, Peng, Wang, Chen and Ma.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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In vitro induction of MDSCs by recombinant IL-35 or IL-27, with or without the combination of GM-CSF and IL-6. Isolated PBMCs were cultured in vitro for 5 days. GM-CSF and IL-6 were added in the medium as positive controls. Classic flow cytometric charts (A) and statistical results (B) showed that IL-35 with or without GM-CSF and IL-6 effectively induced MDSCs, while IL-27 had no remarkable effects. (C) Representative flow cytometry charts of NO production using the DAF-DM diacetate staining. (D) Statistical results of flow cytometry analysis on NO produced by MDSCs. (E) Representative histograms of ROS production in different treatment groups. (F) Statistical analysis of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of ROS in different treatment groups. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.