Table 4.

Prognostic factors of canine mammary carcinomas.

Univariate analyses		Disease-free interval		Overall survival		Cancer-specific survival
		HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P
Multicentricity	Single vs. multiple	0.49 (0.29–0.83)	0.0006	–	NS	–	NS
Margin status	Positive vs. negative	1.66 (1.18–2.34)	0.0017	1.91 (1.53–2.39)	<0.0001	1.93 (1.43–2.61)	<0.0001
Histological type	Inflammatory vs. others	6.81 (1.63–28.54)	0.0090	11.56 (4.66–28.67)	<0.0001	14.35 (5.71–36.07)	<0.0001
	Anaplastic vs. others	2.11 (1.01–4.38)	0.0468	3.45 (2.18–5.46)	<0.0001	3.29 (1.87–5.78)	<0.0001
Tumor-associated inflammation	Moderate to severe vs. absent to mild	1.77 (1.26–2.49)	0.0004	1.65 (1.33–2.06)	<0.0001	2.06 (1.53–2.78)	<0.0001
Dermal invasion	Yes vs. no	–	NS	1.46 (1.14–1.86)	0.0007	1.69 (1.22–2.34)	0.0004
Cutaneous ulceration	Yes vs. no	–	NS	1.66 (1.14–2.42)	0.0009	1.91 (1.17–3.13)	0.0007
Histological grade	III vs. I	4.19 (2.34–7.51)	<0.0001	3.63 (2.57–5.12)	<0.0001	5.30 (3.10–9.05)	<0.0001
	II vs. I	2.85 (1.54–5.26)	0.0009	2.25 (1.56–3.25)	<0.0001	2.68 (1.51–4.76)	0.0008
ER	ER+ vs. ER–	0.49 (0.34–0.71)	0.0015	0.59 (0.47–0.75)	0.0001	0.46 (0.33–0.63)	0.0001
PR	PR+ vs. PR–			0.71 (0.55–0.91)	0.0159	0.58 (0.41–0.82)	0.0015
Ki-67	≥20% vs. <20%	2.19 (1.51–3.17)	0.0008	1.85 (1.49–2.33)	<0.0001	2.50 (1.85–3.33)	<0.0001
Triple-negative vs. luminal		1.74 (1.19–2.52)	0.0109	1.37 (1.07–1.76)	0.0186	2.07 (1.30–3.29)	<0.0001
Histological stage	IIIB vs. 0	11.46 (5.94–22.12)	<0.0001	6.66 (4.69–9.48)	<0.0001	16.58 (8.75–31.44)	<0.0001
	IIIA vs. 0	8.07 (4.13–15.74)	<0.0001	3.95 (2.74–5.71)	<0.0001	10.59 (5.52–20.30)	<0.0001
	II vs. 0	2.68 (1.27–5.62)	0.0094	2.40 (1.65–3.47)	<0.0001	4.39 (2.20–8.74)	<0.0001
	I vs. 0	2.91 (1.44–5.88)	0.0029	1.56 (1.06–2.29)	0.0238	3.05 (1.51–6.13)	0.0018

NS, not significant.