Table 2.

Association between Physician Antibiotic Prescribing Intensity and Likelihood of Prescribing a Study Medication in 2015 to a Patient Within a Physician-Patient Pair in Ontario

	Physician antibiotic prescribing intensity	Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)*	p value
Benzodiazepine	High Average Low	1.21 (1.12–1.32) 1.00 0.72 (0.67–0.78)	1.21 (1.11–1.32) 1.00 0.68 (0.63–0.74)	< 0.001a
Opioid	High Average Low	1.26 (1.17–1.36) 1.00 0.72 (0.67–0.77)	1.28 (1.17–1.39) 1.00 0.67 (0.61–0.72)	< 0.001a
Proton-pump inhibitor	High Average Low	1.36 (1.27–1.47) 1.00 0.68 (0.64–0.73)	1.38 (1.27–1.51) 1.00 0.64 (0.59–0.70)	< 0.001a
Tracer analysis
Levothyroxine	High Average Low	1.24 (1.17–1.32) 1.00 0.80 (0.75–0.85)	1.23 (1.16–1.31) 1.00 0.80 (0.75–0.85)	< 0.001a
β-Blocker ophthalmic eye drop	High Average Low	1.11 (1.03–1.20) 1.00 0.86 (0.79–0.93)	1.10 (1.02–1.19) 1.00 0.86 (0.80–0.93)	0.004b 0.01c < 0.001d

*Adjusted for all individual patient- and physician-level variable listed in eTables 1 and 2

^aFor all unadjusted and adjusted comparisons between high- and average-intensity and low- and average-intensity groups

^bFor unadjusted comparison between high- and average-intensity group

^cFor adjusted comparison between high- and average-intensity group

^dFor unadjusted and adjusted comparisons between low- and average-intensity group