Table 3.

The Frequency and Likelihood of Highly Prescribing One or More of Benzodiazepines, Opioids and Proton-Pump Inhibitors Across Prescribing Physicians in Ontario 2015, by Physician Antibiotic Prescribing Intensity. We Compared High- with Average-Intensity Antibiotic Prescribers Across the Different Prescriber Scores Based on the Total Number of Medication Classes (Benzodiazepines, Opioids, and PPIs—One Point for Each) in Which They Were a High-Intensity Prescriber. A Score of 0 Served as the Reference for Comparison

Physician prescribing scorea, n (%)	Physician antibiotic prescribing intensity (N = 1926)			Likelihood of physician prescribing scoreb
	Low (n = 590)	Average (n = 1007)	High (n = 329)	Odds ratio (95% CI)
0	478 (81.0)	762 (75.7)	141 (42.9)	1.00 (reference)
1	91 (15.4)	184 (18.3)	114 (34.7)	3.35 (2.49–4.50)c
2	13–17 (2.2–2.9)d	48 (4.8)	59 (17.9)	6.64 (4.36–10.12)c
3	4–8 (0.7–1.4)d	13 (1.3)	15 (4.6)	6.24 (2.90–13.39)c

^aPhysicians are assigned a point for each medication class of benzodiazepines, opioids and PPIs in which they were a high-intensity prescriber, corresponding to a maximum score of 3. Each group is mutually exclusive of another, meaning that a physician cannot be in more than group

^bEstimated comparing physicians who were high-intensity versus average-intensity antibiotic prescribers for each physician prescribing score with a prescribing score of 0 serving as the reference outcome category

^cp < 0.001 for high- compared with average-intensity antibiotic prescribers

^dData presented as ranges of values in accordance with IC/ES privacy policy to prevent a disclosure of a cell size containing 5 or less individuals