Table 3.
Depth of cure obtained by the ISO 4049 test and hardness comparison method and summary of cytotoxicity at different depths.
| Materials | Cytotoxicity# | Depth of cure (mm)∗ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top (0~2 mm) | Middle (2~4 mm) | Bottom (4~6 mm) | Scraping test (ISO, d = 4 mm) | Hardness profile method (region of interest/top = 0.8, d = 10 mm) | |
| SDR | - | - | + | 4.02 ± 0.11 | 5.71 |
| VBF | - | + | + | 3.96 ± 0.51 | >6 |
| BBF | + | + | + | 3.55 ± 0.15 | 4.24 |
| ZFF | - | + | + | 2.25 ± 0.54 | 2.35 |
#When the average cell viability was >70%, noncytotoxicity was determined (-). If the cell viability was <70%, cytotoxicity was determined (+). ∗To measure the depth of cure, the scraping test (n = 5) used 20 s of light curing, while the hardness profile method (n = 9) included 4 sessions of 20 s of light curing to cover a larger diameter.