Table 1.
Semen parameters (means ± standard error) of infertile men are classified into 2 groups according to clinical diagnoses and fertile controls.
| Variables | Leukocytospermia L |
Varicocele V |
Fertile men F |
HDS Tukey post hoc test (P value) |
Games-Howell post hoc test (P value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volume (ml) | 3.51 ± 0.26 | 3.83 ± 0.35 | 3.58 ± 0.24 | — | — |
| Sperm/ml ×106 | 56.07 ± 7.30 | 69.34 ± 7.15 | 166.86 ± 19.60 | — | F vs. L∗∗∗ F vs. V∗∗∗ |
| Motility % | 30.52 ± 2.33 | 26.65 ± 2.84 | 51.76 ± 1.15 | F vs. L∗∗∗ F vs. V∗∗∗ |
|
| Normal morphology % | 8.74 ± 0.34 | 8.06 ± 0.46 | 17.06 ± 0.51 | F vs. L∗∗∗ F vs. V∗∗∗ |
|
| Apoptosis % | 13.63 ± 1.44 | 13.82 ± 1.69 | 7.47 ± 0.99 | F vs. L∗∗ F vs. V∗∗ |
|
| Necrosis % | 20.10 ± 1.31 | 15.29 ± 2.15 | 10.64 ± 1.15 | F vs. L∗∗∗ |
Legend: volume (ml); sperm/ml ×106 (number of sperm/ml); motility % (percentage of rapid and slow progressive sperm motility); normal morphology % (percentage of sperm with normal morphology assessed with Papanicolaou staining); apoptosis % (percentage of sperm apoptosis assessed with AnV/PI assay); necrosis % (percentage of sperm necrosis assessed with AnV/PI assay). ∗∗P < 0.01; ∗∗∗P < 0.001.