Table 3.

Prevalence of MRPs and their causes among CKD patients at JUMC, Jimma Zone, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia, from April 1 to September 30, 2018.

MRPs domain	DRP subdomain	Cause	Frequency
Indication	Need additional drug therapy	A medical condition requires the initiation of drug therapy	52 (26)	62 (31)
		Preventive drug therapy is required to reduce the risk of developing a new condition	10 (5)
	Unnecessary drug therapy	There is no valid medical indication for the drug therapy at this time	5 (2.5)	9 (4.5)
		Multiple drug products are being used for condition that requires single-drug therapy	4 (2)
Effectiveness	Ineffective	The drug is not the most effective for the medical problem	12 (6)	20 (10)
		The medical condition is refractory to the drug product	8 (4)
	Dose too low	The dose is too low to produce the desired response	32 (16)	36 (18)
		The dosage interval is too infrequent to produce the desired response	4 (2)
Safety	Adverse drug reaction	The drug product causes an undesirable reaction that is not dose-related	3 (1.5)	4 (2)
		A drug interaction causes an undesirable reaction that is not dose-related	1 (0.5)
	Dose too high	Dose is too high	19 (9.5)	29 (14.5)
		The dosing frequency is too short	10 (5)
Compliance	Noncompliance	The patient/caregiver does not understand the instructions	5 (2.5)	40 (20)
		The patient/caregiver prefers not to take/give the medication	12 (6)
		The patient/caregiver forgets to take/give the medication	19 (9.5)
		The drug product is too expensive for the patient	4 (2)