Bars are mean ± SEM. N values are listed below bars. ** = p < 0.01, *** = p < 0.001. CHORIO = chorioamnionitis, C-SECT R = repeat caesarean section, GON = gonococcus infections, MEC = meconium passage in utero, MEMB = membrane rupture, NICU = neonate admitted to the NICU, PROM = premature rupture of the membranes, SEVERE PE = severe pre-eclampsia.