Table 3.

Prediction of Symptoms From Cytokine Levels.

Cytokine	Symptom	Participants									Interaction
		All			ACS Cases (n = 206)			Non-ACS Controls (n = 232)
		n	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p Value	n	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p Value	n	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p Value	p Value
TNF-α	Chest discomfort	433	0.6 [0.4, 0.9]	.017	206	0.5 [0.2, 1.2]	.109	227	0.6 [0.3, 1.1]	.077	.612
	Shoulder pain	433	1.3 [0.9, 1.8]	.143	206	0.8 [0.4, 1.6]	.533	227	2.4 [1.2, 4.7]	.010	.025
IL-6	Chest discomfort	432	0.7 [0.5, 0.9]	.019	206	0.4 [0.1, 0.8]	.016	226	0.8 [0.6, 1.1]	.184	.070
	Chest pressure	432	0.8 [0.6, 1.0]	.097	206	0.3 [0.1, 0.7]	.005	226	1.0 [0.7, 1.4]	.895	.008
	Shoulder pain	432	1.1 [0.9, 1.4]	.342	206	0.6 [0.3, 1.3]	.195	226	1.4 [1.0, 1.9]	.046	.054
	Upper back pain	432	1.3 [1.0, 1.7]	.031	206	1.1 [0.6, 1.9]	.721	226	1.4 [1.0, 2.0]	.040	.436
IL-18	Nausea	433	1.1 [1.0, 1.3]	.045	206	1.1 [0.9, 1.3]	.268	227	1.1 [1.0, 1.3]	.095	.886
	Sweating	433	1.1 [1.0, 1.2]	.086	206	1.3 [1.1, 1.5]	.010	227	1.0 [0.9, 1.2]	.638	.058
	Palpitations	433	0.9 [0.8, 1.0]	.051	206	1.0 [0.8, 1.2]	.804	227	0.8 [0.6, 1.0]	.025	.151

Note. Table presents two models for each symptom outcome: (1) a model with all patients combined and (2) a model with an ACS diagnosis-by-cytokine interaction and separate odds ratios (ORs) calculated for ACS and non-ACS patients. Models adjusted for age, sex, race, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Duke Activity Status Index, and time of day. OR for TNF-α represents change in odds of symptom being present for 10-unit increase in cytokine level. OR for IL-6 and IL-18 represents change in odds of symptom being present for 100-unit increase in cytokine level. All 13 symptoms from ACS Symptoms Checklist were tested. Only symptoms with statistically significant comparisons are shown. Boldface values indicate significance at α < .05. ACS = acute coronary syndrome; CI = confidence interval; IL = interleukin; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α.