Table 1. . Gene–drug pairs used in primary care with supporting clinical evidence.
| Medication(s) | Gene | CPIC guideline | PGx in US FDA label |
|---|---|---|---|
| Opioids/Analgesics | |||
| Codeine, tramadol | CYP2D6 | X | X |
| Celecoxib | CYP2C9 | X | |
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors | |||
| Paroxetine, fluvoxamine | CYP2D6 | X | X |
| Citalopram, escitalopram | CYP2C19 | X | X |
| Sertraline | CYP2C19 | X | |
| Tricyclic antidepressants | |||
| Amitriptyline, imipramine |
CYP2C19 CYP2D6 |
X X |
X |
| Nortriptyline, desipramine | CYP2D6 | X | X |
| Doxepin, trimipramine |
CYP2C19 CYP2D6 |
X X |
X X |
| Other antidepressants | |||
| Venlafaxine, vortioxetine | CYP2D6 | X | |
| Proton pump inhibitors | |||
| Esomeprazole, lansoprazole, dexlansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole | CYP2C19 | X | |
| Cardiovascular medications | |||
| Clopidogrel | CYP2C19 | X | X |
| Simvastatin | SLCO1B1 | X | X |
| Warfarin |
CYP2C9 CYP4F2 VKORC1 |
X X X |
X X |
| Antipsychotics | |||
| Aripiprazole, risperidone, brexpiprazole | CYP2D6 | X | |
| Anticonvulsants | |||
| Carbamazepine |
HLA-A HLA-B |
X X |
X X |
| Oxcarbazepine | HLA-B | X | X |
| Phenytoin |
CYP2C9 HLA-B |
X X |
X X |
| Other medications | |||
| Allopurinol | HLA-B | X | |
| Atomoxetine | CYP2D6 | X | X |
| Ondansetron | CYP2D6 | X | X |
| Tamoxifen | CYP2D6 | X | |
Table includes medications with a Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation ‘A’ or ‘B’ evidence-level rating that are relevant to a primary care practice setting (source: www.cpicpgx.org).
CPIC: Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium; PGx: Pharmacogenetics.