Table 2. . Agents and regimens that have been/are being investigated in clinical trials and are not yet approved for multiple myeloma treatment.
| Class | Agent | NDMM regimens | RRMM regimens |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proteasome inhibitors | Carfilzomib | KMP (NCT01818752), KCRd (NCT01554852) |
KD once-weekly versus twice-weekly (NCT02412878)† |
| Ixazomib | ITd (NCT03608501) | ITd (NCT02410694) | |
| Monoclonal antibodies | Daratumumab | Dara-Rd (NCT02252172), Dara-RVd (NCT02874742), Dara-VTd (NCT02541383) |
Dara-Kd (NCT03158688) |
| Elotuzumab | Elo-Rd (NCT01335399) | Elo-Td (NCT01632150) | |
| Isatuximab | Isa-RVd (NCT03319667) | Isa-Pom-d (NCT02990338), Isa-Kd (NCT03275285) |
|
| BCL-2 inhibitor | Venetoclax | – | Venetoclax-Vd, Venetoclax-Dara-Vd (NCT03701321) |
| SINE agent | Selinexor | – | Selinexor-Vd (NCT03110562) |
| Checkpoint inhibitors | Pembrolizumab | Pembrolizumab-Rd (NCT02579863) | Pembrolizumab-Rd (NCT02036502), Pembrolizumab-Pom-d (NCT02576977) |
| Adoptive cell therapy | Anti-CD19-CAR-T | – | Anti-CD19-CAR-T (NCT02135406) |
| Anti-CD138-CAR-T | Anti-CD138-CAR-T (NCT01886976) | ||
| Anti-BCMA-CAR-T | – | Anti-BCMA-CAR-T (NCT02215967, NCT02658929, NCT03090659, NCT02546167) | |
| ADC | Anti-BCMA-ADC | – | Anti-BCMA-ADC (NCT02064387) |
| BiTE | Anti-BCMA/CD3-BiTE | – | Anti-BCMA/CD3-BiTE (NCT02514239) |
†Carfilzomib 20/70 mg/m2 administered once-weekly, carfilzomib 20/27 mg/m2 administered twice-weekly.
ADC: Antibody–drug conjugate; BCL-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; BCMA: B cell maturation antigen; BiTE: Bi-specfic T-cell engager; CAR-T: Chimeric antigen receptor T cells; CD: Cluster of differentiation; Dara-Kd: Daratumumab, carfilzomib, dexamethasone; Dara-Rd: Daratumumab, lenalidomide, dexamethasone; Dara-RVd: Daratumumab, lenalidomide, bortezomib, dexamethasone; Dara-Vd: Daratumumab, bortezomib, dexamethasone; Dara-VTd: Daratumumab, bortezomib, thalidomide, dexamethasone; Elo-Rd: Elotuzumab, lenalidomide, dexamethasone; Elo-Td: Elotuzumab, thalidomide, dexamethasone; Isa-Kd: Isatuximab, carfilzomib, dexamethasone; Isa-Pom-d: Isatuximab, pomalidomide, dexamethasone; Isa-RVd: Isatuximab, lenalidomide, bortezomib, dexamethasone; ITd: Ixazomib, thalidomide, dexamethasone; KCRd: Carfilzomib, cyclophosphamide, lenalidomide, dexamethasone; KD: Carfilzomib, dexamethasone; KMP: Carfilzomib, melphalan, prednisone; MM: Multiple myeloma; NDMM: Newly diagnosed MM; Pom-d: Pomalidomide, dexamethasone; Rd: Lenalidomide, dexamethasone; RRMM: Relapsed/refractory MM; SINE: Selective inhibitor of nuclear export; Vd: Bortezomib, dexamethasone.