TABLE 4.

Estimates of evolutionary divergence between bovine CoV and human CoV-OC43 and the complete genome sequences of DcCoV-HKU23 strains identified in Africa (Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Morocco) and Saudi Arabia^a

Host	Country	Strain (GenBank accession no.)	Genome size (bp)	%GC	Pairwise evolutionary divergence (no. of base substitutions per site)
					NV1010	NV1092	NV1097	NV1385	CAC1019	CAC2586	368F	362F	265F	Ry123	DB2	OC43
Camel	Nigeria	DcCoV-HKU23-NV1010	30,780	36.90
		DcCoV-HKU23-NV1092	30,799	36.90	0.0001
		DcCoV-HKU23-NV1097	31,075	37.00	0.0167	0.0168
		DcCoV-HKU23-NV1385	30,798	36.90	0.0004	0.0004	0.0168
	Ethiopia	DcCoV-HKU23-CAC1019	31,021	36.90	0.0206	0.0207	0.0246	0.0206
	Morocco	DcCoV-HKU23-CAC2586	31,062	37.00	0.0191	0.0191	0.0129	0.0191	0.0270
	Saudi Arabia	DcCoV-HKU23-368F (KF906251.1)	31,052	37.00	0.0263	0.0265	0.0231	0.0263	0.0223	0.0225
		DcCoV HKU23-362F (KF906250.1)	31,052	37.00	0.0263	0.0265	0.0231	0.0263	0.0223	0.0225	0.0000
		DcCoV-HKU23-265F (KF906249.1)	31,052	37.00	0.0264	0.0266	0.0235	0.0264	0.0227	0.0229	0.0017	0.0017
		DcCoV-HKU23-Ry123 (KT368891.1)	31,041	37.00	0.0269	0.0270	0.0237	0.0268	0.0229	0.0231	0.0017	0.0017	0.0026
Bovine		BCoV-DB2 (DQ811784.2)	31007	37.10	0.0299	0.0300	0.0288	0.0299	0.0249	0.0279	0.0197	0.0197	0.0200	0.0204
Human		HCoV-OC43 (AY391777.1)	30738	36.80	0.0466	0.0467	0.0468	0.0468	0.0445	0.0463	0.0420	0.0420	0.0421	0.0425	0.0333

^aAnalyses were conducted using the Tamura-Nei model and MEGA7.