FIG 1.

WNV productively infects human moDCs. moDCs were infected with WNV or UV-inactivated WNV (UV-WNV) at an MOI of 10 (as determined on Vero cells) and analyzed at the indicated hours postinfection. (A) Viral RNA as quantitated in cell lysates by RT-qPCR, with values shown as log₂ normalized expression after normalization to the level of GAPDH. Data are shown for each donor with the mean (n = 5 to 11 donors). (B) Infectious virus release into the supernatant as determined by a viral plaque assay on Vero cells. Data are shown for each donor with the mean (n = 4 to 17 donors). (C) Percentage of E protein⁺ cells as determined by flow cytometry. Data are shown for each donor with the mean (n = 5 to 31 donors). (D) ImageStream analysis of WNV-infected moDCs labeled for viral E protein at 24 hpi. (E) Percent viable cells. Data are shown for each donor with the mean (n = 5 donors).