FIG 5.

WNV-infected DCs do not generate robust proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses. (A) Heat map of genes involved in inflammatory cytokine responses and chemotaxis. The log₂ normalized fold change in expression relative to that in uninfected, untreated cells is shown (>2-fold change; significance, P < 0.01). Genes that did not reach the significance threshold are depicted in black. Each column within a treatment condition is marked by a unique color and represents a different donor (n = 5 donors). (B) Secretion of inflammatory cytokines, T cell modulatory cytokines, and chemokines was assessed by multiplex bead array following RIG-I agonist treatment (100 ng/1e6 cells), infection with UV-inactivated WNV (MOI of 10; UV-WNV), or infection with replication-competent WNV (MOI of 10; WNV). Responses were assessed at 24 h following treatment or infection. Data for each donor is shown with the mean (n = 4 to 7 donors). *, P < 0.05 (Kruskal-Wallis test).