Table 3.

Comparison of teachers’ perspectives between the FC-TCLEBL group and the LBC group. 1 = strongly agree, 2 = agree, 3 = neutral, 4 = strongly disagree, 5 = disagree. Effect size is calculated by test statistic divided by the root of sample size (small effect: 0.1 < r ≤ 0.3, medium effect: 0.3 < r ≤ 0.5, large effect: r > 0.5)

	Flipped classroom	Control	Mann-Whitney U	P value	Effect size
The lecture greatly enhances students’ understanding about this topic.	1.5±0.527046	2.9±0.737864787	7.500	0.001	0.41234
The class met my expectations.	2.3±0.823273	3.1±0.737865	25.500	0.045	0.244349
It is an enjoyable way of teaching.	1.9±0.737865	2.8±0.918936583	22.500	0.029	0.266585
Overall, I am satisfied with the quality of this class.	2.6±0.966092	3.7±1.159502	24.000	0.043	0.247648
The climate of this class is conducive to learning for students.	2.2±1.032796	3.7±0.948683	15.000	0.007	0.332071