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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Neurobiol. 2019 Jun 26;56(12):8392–8407. doi: 10.1007/s12035-019-01673-y

Fig. 7.

Fig. 7

CYP3A4 expression changes in epileptic brain with antiepileptic drug combination used. (a-b) The percentage change in CYP1A1 (Δ CYP1A1) in EPI vs NON-EPI is increased irrespective of antiepileptic drug (AED) combination used, whether CYP substrate dependent or not. Similar pattern was observed in case of CYP2C9 among the specimens analyzed (n = 16) (b). (c) In the same subjects, a single CYP substrate AED given alone or with another non-CYP substrate resulted in a decreased change of CYP3A4 expression (Δ CYP3A4 [%]; 5/8). However, EPI CYP3A4 expression was increased in 7/8 subjects, compared to the corresponding NON-EPI regions, when multiple AEDs, including two or more CYP substrates, were given in combination, (d) Change of CYP2E1 (Δ CYP2E1 [%]) expression remains consistently high despite drug combination, reflecting a pattern similar to CYP1A1 (a). (e) Consistently low level of CYP2D6 (Δ CYP2D6 [%]) was noticed with negligible association to drug combination in these subjects.