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. 2019 Nov 14;17:146. doi: 10.1186/s12964-019-0448-x

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Confirmation of trophoblast spheroid derived nanoparticles as extracellular vesicles (EVs). a Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) of trophoblast spheroid derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Number and size profiles of EVs were analysed using ZetaView™ nanoparticle analyser. The profile exhibits a typical distribution of particles mostly less than 200 nm. Data is presented as mean ± SEM. b The transmission electron microscopy for EVs’ morphology. EVs visualized after staining in 2% uranyl acetate following by uranyl oxalate and methylcellulose. Scale bar = 200 nm. Classic morphological characteristics such as uniform shape, clearly discernible lipid bilayers and “cup shape” is observed. c Western blot analysis of trophoblast spheroid derived EVs (EV) and trophoblast spheroid conditioned media (CM). Specific protein markers for EVs (CD63, CD9 and CD81) are enriched in EV samples while negative control Apo A-I is not enriched