Fig. 4.

APOBEC1 mediated nuclear DNA editing and damage. a Graphical representation of nuclear DNA editing by A1 proteins. The last positive 3DPCR bands retrieved bands by CMYC specific 3DPCR amplification are represented on the gradient. b Selection of hypermutated CMYC sequences after mouse A1-UGI transfection in QT6 cells for PCR products retrieved at 89.4 °C. c Dinucleotide analysis of mouse A1 deamination context performed on nuclear DNA for PCR products retrieved at 89.4 °C. Dinucleotide context expected values, based on the dinucleotide composition of DNA sequences are represented by white histograms. * Significant deviation from expected values (χ²-test, P < 0.05). d Double strand breaks formation upon A1 transfection in QT6 cells by flow cytometry analysis of γH2AX staining in V5 transfected cells 48 h post-transfection. Human APOBEC3A (hA3A) was used as positive control. Error bars represent the standard deviations from three independent transfections. Differences compared to human APOBEC3A catalytic mutant hA3A C106S were calculated using student t test (** p < 0.01). e APOBEC1 expression in 3 C57/BL6 mice tissues normalized on TBP reference genes