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. 2019 Oct 24;2019:4745067. doi: 10.1155/2019/4745067

Figure 3.

Figure 3

iNOS-dependent Nrf2 induction is required for mitochondrial quality control process activation following LPS stimulation. Nrf2, a critical regulator of mitochondrial quality control, is induced following LPS exposure in vivo in murine liver (12 h LPS exposure, (a)). Nrf2 induction following LPS stimulation is dependent on iNOS in murine liver, and Nrf2 expression can successfully be knocked down in vivo using siRNA (protocol in methods, (b)). In cultured hepatocytes and in vivo murine liver, Nrf2 expression is required for appropriate induction of PGC-1α following LPS exposure as measured by Western blot (cultured hepatocytes, 12 h LPS exposure, (c)) and confocal microscopy (red stain, (d) upper section). Appropriate expression of autophagy protein LC3 following 12 h LPS exposure is similarly dependent on Nrf2 both in vivo and in vitro (red stain, (d) lower section). In immunofluorescent imaging, green staining is from cytoskeletal actin as measured by 488-conjugated phalloidin antibody, whereas blue nuclear staining is from 2′-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2,5′-bi(1H-benzimidazole) trihydrochloride.