Table II.
Folate concentration in amniotic fluid and maternal and umbilical cord serum in all participants and categorized by maternal and neonatal characteristics
| Characteristic | Sample size | Parameter | Amniotic fluid [nmol] | Maternal serum [nmol] | Umbilical cord serum [nmol] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All participants | n = 175 | Mean ± SD Median Min.–max. 5th–95th percentile |
11.9 ±6.8A 10.3 2.5–33.1 3.4–22.9 |
53.5 ±27.7B 52.3 5.0–131.4 13.8–101.6 |
83.5 ±30.1C 77.4 23.5–175.1 38.1–136.1 |
| Maternal age | ≥ 30 n = 88 |
Mean ± SD Median Min.–max. |
10.4 ±6.4a 9.2 2.5–32.8 |
51.5 ±29.8 50.3 5–109.3 |
79.7 ±30.9 79.5 23.5–171.5 |
| > 30 n = 87 |
Mean ± SD Median Min.–max. |
13.3 ±6.9b 11.3 2.7–33.1 |
55.4 ±25.7 51.5 11.8–131.4 |
84.6 ±29.5 82.4 27.3–175.1 |
|
| Neonatal sex | Male n = 103 |
Mean ± SD Median Min.–max. |
12.0 ±7.1 10.4 2.5–33.1 |
55.1 ±27.3 55.0 11.6–109.3 |
83.9 ±32.8 82.0 23.5–175.1 |
| Female n = 72 |
Mean ± SD Median Min.–max. |
12.0 ±6.4 10.0 2.5–32.8 |
51.1 ±28.1 46.6 5–131.4 |
79.9 ±25.7 78.0 27.3–164.6 |
|
| Maternal weight at birth/birth weight (kg) | < 22 n = 68 |
Mean ± SD Median Min.–max. |
13.2 ±7.6 11.6 2.5–33.1 |
57.4 ±27.2 55.7 7.4–131.4 |
86.6 ±29.6 86.7 35.3–175.1 |
| > 22 n = 107 |
Mean ± SD Median Min.–max. |
11.1 ±6.2 10.4 2.5–30.3 |
51.2 ±28.1 51.8 5–127.7 |
79.3 ±30.4 77 23.5–147.8 |
|
| Type of delivery | Caesarean section n = 47 |
Mean ± SD Median Min.–max. |
12.0 ±6.6 11.3 3.1–33.1 |
54.8 ±28.9 53.3 7.4–131.4 |
81.6 ±29.7 79.8 35.3–175.1 |
| Vaginal delivery n = 128 |
Mean ± SD Median Min.–max. |
11.8 ±7.5 10.6 2.5–32.8 |
54.2 ±24.8 52.6 5–128.8 |
84.0 ±32.4 82.0 23.5–164.6 |
SD – standard deviation
A–C
Different letters indicate statistically significant difference between biospecimens; ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis and Duncan’s test p < 0.05.
a,b
Different letters indicate statistically significant difference in folate concentration of the same biospecimen between subgroups; Mann-Whitney test p < 0.01.