Age 18 years or older Men and women No current or active symptoms of respiratory tract infection Bronchoscopy scheduled for noninfectious diseases indication (e.g., diagnostic or therapeutic intervention for lung nodule, lung mass, obstruction, foreign body, collapsed lung, or hemorrhage) No prior diagnosis of PCP No known immunocompromising medical condition (except diabetes) as outlined below Negative serum HIV serology upon study entry |
Previous or current immunocompromising medical conditions, including:
Hematologic malignancy (e.g., leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, myelodysplasia) Autologous or allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Solid organ transplantation HIV infection Known congenital immunologic disorders (e.g., common variable immunodeficiency, severe combined immunodeficiency, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, other immunoglobulin abnormalities, known deficiencies in CD4 T cell counts or function, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome, complement deficiencies) Connective tissue disease Other known immunosuppressive conditions—as noted by study coordinator
Current or recent use of immunosuppressive medications within the previous 12 months of enrollment, including:
Antineoplastic chemotherapy (unless otherwise specified below) Fludarabine, cladribine, or alemtuzumab Prednisone ≥10 mg/day within the past month TNF-α inhibitors [infliximab (Remicade), etanercept (Enbrel), adalimumab (Humbril)] Other immunosuppressive medications as noted by study coordinator
Current or recent use of antimicrobials with activity against P. jirovecii within the previous 12 months of enrollment, including:
Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole Sulfasoxazole Pentamidine (aerosolized or intravenous) Atovaquone Dapsone Pyrimethamine Trimetrexate Other known medications with anti-Pneumocystis activity—as noted by study coordinator
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