Table 5. Best-fitting model for reaction time with situational empathic concern and personal distress.

Response Time ~ Situational Empathic Concern + Situational Personal Distress + (1 + Type of Pain|Subject) + (1|Item)
Fixed effects	Estimate (Std. Error)
Intercept	590.21 (17.82)
Situational Empathic Concern	-9.48 ** (-3.36)
Situational Personal Distress	-8.29 ** (-3.89)
Random effects	Explained variance (Std. Dev.)
Items	176.60 (13.29)
Subjects	9428.30 (97.10)
Physical pain	529.00 (23.00)

Linear mixed-effects model with situational empathic concern and personal distress as fixed effects and random intercepts for subjects and items as well as by-subject random slope for type of pain;

** p < .01.