Table 1.
Mean (SD) Nutrition and Physical Activity Practice Summary Scores by Family and Provider Characteristics: Overall and Stratified by Center or Family-Home Based.
| Characteristics | Nutrition practice summary score, possible range 0–23, M (SD) | Physical activity practice summary score, possible range 0–11,M (SD) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Center based1 | Family-home based | Overall | Center based1 | Family-home based | |
| Total N2 | 597 | 203 | 394 | 597 | 203 | 394 |
| Summary score | 11.9 (5.5) | 12.2 (5.6) | 11.7 (5.5) | 5.6 (3.1) | 6.7 (3.0) | 5.0 (3.1) |
| Family-level characteristics | ||||||
| Family income | ||||||
| <$25,000 | 12.7 (5.9) | 12.2 (5.9) | 13.5 (5.9) | 5.4 (3.2) | 5.9 (2.8) | 4.7 (3.6) |
| $25,000–$59,999 | 11.6 (5.8) | 11.9 (5.6) | 11.4 (5.9) | 5.7 (3.3) | 7.1 (2.9) | 5.0 (3.3) |
| >$60,000 | 12.0 (5.0) | 12.4 (5.2) | 11.8 (5.0) | 5.8 (2.9) | 7.1 (2.7) | 5.1 (2.8) |
| Don’t know | 12.0 (5.8) | 12.4 (6.2) | 11.9 (5.7) | 5.2 (3.0) | 6.0 (3.3) | 5.0 (2.9) |
| p value3 | .67 | .96 | .59 | .37 | .15 | .95 |
| Family child care assistance program | ||||||
| participation | ||||||
| Yes | 12.6 (5.8)a | 13.0 (5.6)a | 12.1 (6.1) | 6.5 (3.0)a | 7.4 (2.7)a | 5.4 (3.1) |
| No | 11.0 (5.4)b | 11.3 (4.5)ab | 11.0 (5.5) | 4.7 (3.1)b | 4.6 (2.0)b | 4.7 (3.2) |
| Accepts but no families qualify | 11.7 (5.2)ab | 10.6 (4.8)b | 11.9 (5.3) | 5.0 (2.9)b | 5.4 (2.9)b | 4.9 (2.9) |
| p value3 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.31 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.22 |
| Minority race/Hispanic ethnicity (percent) | ||||||
| None (0%) | 11.8 (5.5) | 11.2 (4.7) | 11.8 (5.5) | 5.1 (3.0)a | 5.7 (3.7) | 5.1 (3.0) |
| More than 0% to <25% | 11.4 (5.0) | 11.4 (5.0) | 11.4 (4.9) | 5.8 (3.0)ab | 6.7 (2.8) | 4.8 (2.9) |
| 25% to <50% | 12.0 (6.0) | 13.2 (6.3) | 11.2 (5.8) | 5.7 (3.3)ab | 7.3 (3.1) | 4.6 (3.0) |
| 50% to 100% | 13.3 (6.1) | 13.4 (6.2) | 13.3 (6.1) | 6.4 (3.0)b | 6.7 (2.9) | 6.1 (3.1) |
| p value3 | .08 | .14 | .28 | .01 | .44 | .11 |
| Languages spoken at home | ||||||
| English or non-new immigrant language | 11.8 (5.5) | 11.5 (5.4) | 11.8 (5.5) | 5.2 (3.1) | 6.1 (3.2) | 5.0 (3.0) |
| 1 or more new immigrant language | 12.1 (5.8) | 12.6 (5.6) | 10.5 (5.9) | 6.5 (3.0) | 7.1 (2.8) | 5.0 (3.3) |
| p value4 | .58 | .16 | .13 | <.01 | .03 | .99 |
| Experience food insecurity | ||||||
| Never or rarely | 11.9 (5.5) | 12.1 (5.4) | 11.7 (5.6) | 5.4 (3.1) | 6.5 (2.9) | 5.0 (3.0) |
| Sometimes to very often | 12.2 (6.0) | 12.4 (6.0) | 11.7 (6.0) | 6.7 (3.0) | 7.4 (2.7) | 5.3 (2.9) |
| p value4 | .63 | .75 | .96 | <.01 | .06 | .61 |
| Provider-level characteristics | ||||||
| Educational attainment | ||||||
| Some HS or HS graduate | 10.8 (5.9) | 10.7 (5.8) | 4.4 (3.0)a | 4.3 (3.0)a | ||
| Trade school or some college | 12.0 (5.8) | 11.9 (7.1) | 12.0 (5.5) | 5.6 (3.2)b | 6.4 (3.4) | 5.4 (3.1)b |
| Bachelor or graduate degree | 12.2 (5.2) | 12.3 (5.0) | 12.0 (5.4) | 6.1 (3.0)b | 6.9 (2.8) | 4.9 (2.9)ab |
| p value5 | .10 | .74 | .14 | <.01 | .39 | .02 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 11.8 (5.5) | 12.1 (5.5) | 11.7 (5.5) | 5.6 (3.1) | 6.8 (2.9) | 4.9 (3.0) |
| Hispanic or minority race | 11.8 (6.2) | 11.9 (5.0) | 11.8 (7.0) | 6.1 (3.2) | 7.2 (1.7) | 5.4 (3.8) |
| p value4 | 1.00 | .89 | .93 | .39 | .64 | .56 |
Note. Statistically significant differences (as determined by a p value <.05) are indicated by boldface. Superscript letters found next to boldfaced means (SD) indicate results of post hoc comparison of means conducted to identify where significance difference was present when three or more means were being compared; means with different superscript letters in boldface are significantly different at p < .05. M = mean; SD = standard deviation; HS, high school.
Data from Head Start center providers (n = 21) were dropped from the current analysis.
Ns differ slightly for each analysis due to missing data for characteristic variables.
p values were calculated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) F tests.
p values were calculated using t tests of difference in means.
p values were calculated using ANOVA F test, except that a two-sample t test was used for centers given the small sample size (n = 1) for center providers with a “Some HS or HS graduate.”