Table 2.
Prevalence of Providers Engaged in Mealtime Best Practices Across Family- and Provider-Level Characteristics: Overall and Stratified by Center or Family-Home Based.a
| Characteristic | Serve family-style or combination meals “Already Do This,” n(%) | Have at least one adult sit at the table and eat the same meals “Already Do This,” n(%) | Model healthy eating behaviors during meal and snack times “Already Do This,” n(%) | Allow children to decide when they are full “Already Do This,” n(%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Center basedb | Family-home based | Overall | Center basedb | Family-home based | Overall | Center basedb | Family-home based | Overall | Center basedb | Family-home based | |
| Total Nc | 597 | 203 | 394 | 597 | 203 | 394 | 597 | 203 | 394 | 597 | 203 | 394 |
| “Already do this,” n(%) | 182 (30.5) | 80 (39.4) | 102 (25.9) | 298 (49.9) | 148 (72.9) | 150 (38.1) | 387 (64.8) | 145 (71.4) | 242 (61.4) | 445 (74.5) | 165 (81.3) | 280 (71.1) |
| Family-level characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Family income | ||||||||||||
| <$25,000 | 11 (35.5) | 9 (50.0) | 2 (15.4) | 21 (67.7) | 15 (83.3) | 6 (46.2) | 23 (74.2) | 14 (77.8) | 9 (69.2) | 22 (71.0) | 14 (77.8) | 8 (61.5) |
| $25,000–$59,999 | 71 (33.5) | 27 (39.1) | 44 (30.8) | 110 (51.9) | 47 (68.1) | 63 (44.1) | 138 (65.1) | 45 (65.2) | 93 (65.0) | 152 (71.7) | 54 (78.3) | 98 (68.5) |
| >$60,000 | 59 (28.4) | 31 (40.8) | 28 (21.2) | 100 (48.1) | 57 (75.0) | 43 (32.6) | 136 (65.4) | 59 (77.6) | 77 (58.3) | 166 (79.8) | 68 (89.5) | 98 (74.2) |
| Don’t know | 33 (26.8) | 10 (31.3) | 23 (25.3) | 59 (48.0) | 24 (75.0) | 35 (38.5) | 82 (66.7) | 23 (71.9) | 59 (64.8) | 93 (75.6) | 24 (75.0) | 69 (75.8) |
| p valued | .48 | .62 | .26 | .20 | .57 | .25 | .79 | .38 | .61 | .25 | .19 | .47 |
| Family child care assistance participation | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 100 (40.8) | 69 (49.3) | 31 (29.5) | 147 (60.0) | 108 (77.1) | 39 (37.1) | 176 (71.8) | 104 (74.3) | 72 (68.6) | 189 (77.1) | 115 (82.1) | 74 (70.5) |
| No | 17 (16.8) | 0 (0) | 17 (18.7) | 36 (35.6) | 6 (60.0) | 30 (33.0) | 61 (60.4) | 9 (90.0) | 52 (57.1) | 65 (64.4) | 9 (90.0) | 56 (61.5) |
| Accept but no families qualify | 58 (25.8) | 8 (19.5) | 50 (27.2) | 105 (46.7) | 29 (70.7) | 76 (41.3) | 141 (62.7) | 27 (65.9) | 114 (62.0) | 181 (80.4) | 37 (90.2) | 144 (78.3) |
| p valued | <.01 | <.01 | .19 | <.01 | .38 | .40 | .04 | .27 | .25 | .01 | .40 | .01 |
| Minority race/Hispanic ethnicity (percent) | ||||||||||||
| None 0% | 56 (27.3) | 3 (33.3) | 53 (27.0) | 83 (40.5) | 6 (66.7) | 77 (39.3) | 130 (63.4) | 6 (66.7) | 124 (63.3) | 149 (72.7) | 9 (100.0) | 140 (71.4) |
| >0% to <25% | 55 (27.9) | 35 (32.7) | 20 (22.2) | 108 (54.8) | 76 (71.0) | 32 (35.6) | 135 (68.5) | 76 (71.0) | 59 (65.6) | 157 (79.7) | 87 (81.3) | 70 (77.8) |
| 25% to <50% | 28 (30.8) | 18 (51.4) | 10 (17.9) | 45 (49.5) | 25 (71.4) | 20 (35.7) | 57 (62.6) | 26 (74.3) | 31 (55.4) | 64 (70.3) | 28 (80.0) | 36 (64.3) |
| 50% to 100% | 32 (42.7) | 18 (46.2) | 14 (38.9) | 48 (64.0) | 32 (82.1) | 16 (44.4) | 53 (70.7) | 30 (76.9) | 23 (63.9) | 59 (78.7) | 32 (82.1) | 27 (75.0) |
| p valued | .077 | .171 | .120 | .002 | .559 | .777 | .501 | .871 | .647 | .214 | .549 | .342 |
| Languages spoken at home | ||||||||||||
| English or nonnew immigrant language | 114 (26.9) | 24 (31.2) | 90 (25.9) | 186 (43.9) | 50 (64.9) | 136 (39.2) | 270 (63.7) | 51 (66.2) | 219 (63.1) | 308 (72.6) | 61 (79.2) | 247 (71.2) |
| 1 or more new immigrant language | 68 (39.3) | 56 (44.4) | 12 (25.5) | 112 (64.7) | 98 (77.8) | 14 (29.8) | 117 (67.6) | 94 (74.6) | 23 (48.9) | 137 (79.2) | 104 (82.5) | 33 (70.2) |
| p valued | .003 | .060 | .953 | .0001 | .046 | .213 | .359 | .200 | .061 | .096 | .556 | .891 |
| Experience food insecurity | ||||||||||||
| Never or rarely | 142 (28.7) | 52 (36.6) | 90 (25.6) | 234 (47.4) | 105 (73.9) | 129 (36.7) | 325 (65.8) | 103 (72.5) | 222 (63.1) | 376 (76.1) | 120 (84.5) | 256 (72.7) |
| Sometimes to very often | 34 (41.5) | 26 (48.2) | 8 (28.6) | 57 (69.5) | 40 (74.1) | 17 (60.7) | 55 (67.1) | 38 (70.4) | 17 (60.7) | 59 (72.0) | 41 (75.9) | 18 (64.3) |
| p valued | .021 | .141 | .727 | .0002 | .985 | .012 | .820 | .763 | .804 | .417 | .161 | .338 |
| Provider-level characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Educational attainment | ||||||||||||
| Some HS or HS graduate | 24 (25.5) | 23 (24.7) | 38 (40.4) | 37 (39.8) | 61 (64.9) | 60 (64.5) | 69 (73.4) | 68 (73.1) | ||||
| Trade school or some college | 64 (27.6) | 16 (40.0) | 48 (25.0) | 102 (44.0) | 27 (67.5) | 75 (39.1) | 138 (59.5) | 27 (67.5) | 111 (57.8) | 171 (73.7) | 31 (77.5) | 140 (72.9) |
| Bachelor or graduate degree | 86 (34.7) | 61 (39.4) | 25 (26.9) | 150 (60.5) | 117 (75.5) | 33 (35.5) | 177 (71.4) | 114 (73.6) | 63 (67.7) | 194 (78.2) | 130 (83.9) | 64 (68.8) |
| p valued | .131 | .941 | .930 | .0001 | .306 | .800 | .023 | .446 | .226 | .444 | .344 | .739 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 159 (29.3) | 73 (39.5) | 86 (24.1) | 271 (50.0) | 136 (73.5) | 135 (37.8) | 355 (65.5) | 133 (71.9) | 222 (62.2) | 412 (76.0) | 153 (82.7) | 259 (72.6) |
| Hispanic or minority race | 10 (43.5) | 4 (44.4) | 6 (42.9) | 12 (52.2) | 6 (66.7) | 6 (42.9) | 15 (65.2) | 7 (77.8) | 8 (57.1) | 15 (65.2) | 6 (66.7) | 9 (64.3) |
| p valued | .147 | .765 | .111 | .838 | .651 | .703 | .978 | .700 | .703 | .238 | .222 | .498 |
Note. HS = high school.
a
Statistically significant differences (as determined by a p value <.05) are indicated by boldface.
b
Data from Head Start center providers (n = 21) were dropped from the current analysis.
c
Category Ns may not sum to total N due to missing data for characteristic variables.
d
p values were calculated from chi-square tests.