Table 2.
Cox model (univariable model) and time-dependent Cox model for the risk on neo-aortic valve regurgitation
| Risk factors | AR ≥moderate (n=33) | AR ≥mild (n=111) | ||||
| Events/total | HR (95% CI) | P value | Events/total | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Morphological subtype | 0.02 | 0.009 | ||||
| TGA-IVS* | 17/230 | Ref (1) | 65/230 | Ref (1) | ||
| TGA-VSD | 10/89 | 2.01 (0.92 to 4.38) | 0.08 | 32/89 | 1.71 (1.08 to 2.71) | 0.02 |
| DORV-SP-VSD | 6/26 | 3.55 (1.38 to 9.15) | 0.01 | 14/26 | 2.28 (1.21 to 4.28) | 0.01 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male† | 26/228 | Ref (1) | 72/228 | Ref (1) | ||
| Female | 7/117 | 0.49 (0.21 to 1.17) | 0.11 | 39/117 | 1.03 (0.67 to 1.58) | 0.89 |
| Pulmonary valve | ||||||
| Tricuspid‡ | 31/324 | Ref (1) | 105/324 | Ref (1) | ||
| Bicuspid | 2/21 | 1.16 (0.25 5.48) | 0.85 | 5/21 | 0.89 (0.34 to 2.30) | 0.49 |
| Left ventricular OTO | ||||||
| No§ | 33/333 | Ref (1) | 106/333 | Ref (1) | ||
| Yes | 0/12 | N/A | N/A | 5/12 | 1.25 (0.48 to 3.25) | 0.65 |
| Previous PAB | ||||||
| No¶ | 31/327 | Ref (1) | 103/327 | Ref (1) | ||
| Yes | 2/18 | 2.02 (0.48 to 8.46) | 0.34 | 8/18 | 1.94 (0.87 to 4.33) | 0.11 |
| Age ASO ≥6 months | ||||||
| No** | 32/333 | Ref (1) | 104/333 | Ref (1) | ||
| Yes | 1/12 | 0.83 (0.09 to 7.55) | 0.87 | 7/12 | 2.97 (1.10 to 8.04) | 0.03 |
| Time-dependent Cox | AR ≥moderate | AR ≥mild | |||
| Diameter increase | UV/MV | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value |
| Annulus (per mm) | UV | 1.14 (1.04 to 1.25) | 0.004 | 1.04 (0.98 to 1.10) | 0.16 |
| MV | 1.09 (0.99 to 1.21)‡‡ | 0.09 | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.09)† † | 0.31 | |
| Root (per mm) | UV | 1.12 (1.05 to 1.21) | 0.001 | 1.04 (1.00 to 1.10) | 0.07 |
| MV | 1.09 (1.01 to 1.17)‡‡ | 0.04 | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.09)† † | 0.1 | |
| STJ (per mm) | UV | 1.06 (0.94 to 1.18) | 0.35 | 0.99 (0.93 to 1.06) | 0.88 |
| MV | 1.04 (0.93 to 1.15)‡‡ | 0.52 | 0.99 (0.93 to 1.06)† † | 0.84 | |
Bold refers to the statistically significant p values.
Reference categories of covariate.
*Morphological subtype ‘TGA-IVS’.
†Male sex.
‡Tricuspid pulmonary valve.
§No left ventricular outflow tact obstruction.
¶No previous PAB.
**Age ASO <6 months.
††Multivariable analysis adjusted for morphological subtype, gender, pulmonary valve, previous PAB and age ASO ≥6 months of age.
‡‡Multivariable analysis adjusted for morphological subtype and gender.
AR, neo-aortic valve regurgitation; ASO, arterial switch operation; DORV-SP-VSD, double outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary ventricular septal defect; HR, Hazard Ratio; IVS, intact ventricular septum; MV, multivariable analysis; N/A, not applicable; OTO, outflow tract obstruction; PAB, pulmonary artery banding; STJ, sinotubular junction; TGA, transposition of the great arteries; UV, univariable analysis; VSD, ventricular septal defect.