. 2019 Sep 2;144(3):e20183601. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-3601

TABLE 2.

Associations Between Baseline Recall of Exposure to ENDS Marketing and ENDS Initiation Up to 2.5 Years Later Among Youth and Young Adults Who Reported Never Using ENDS at Baseline, Adjusted for Covariates

	Youth (TATAMS) Initiation^a	Young Adults (M-PACT) Initiation^b
	Adjusted OR (95% CI) (n = 2288)^c	Adjusted OR (95% CI) (n = 2423)
TV	1.08 (0.77–1.53)	1.29 (1.03–1.63)^*
Radio or online radio	1.24 (0.76–2.01)	0.99 (0.77–1.27)
Billboards	1.30 (0.89–1.91)	1.10 (0.87–1.41)
Retail stores	1.99 (1.25–3.17)^*	1.30 (1.05–1.61)^*
Internet	0.85 (0.61–1.18)	1.20 (0.97–1.48)

CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

Adjusted for baseline sex, race and/or ethnicity, grade level, past-30-day or current other tobacco use, sensation seeking, and peer ENDS use. The following were significant: race and/or ethnicity (white or other race versus African American [OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.33–3.41]; white or other race versus Hispanic [OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.03–1.86]), grade level (eighth versus sixth grade [OR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.04–4.61]; 10th versus sixth grade [OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.05–5.19]), and ENDS use of a close peer [OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.14–1.99]).

Adjusted for baseline sex, race and/or ethnicity, age, college type, current other tobacco use, sensation seeking, and peer ENDS use. The following were significant: current other tobacco use (OR = 5.64; 95% CI: 4.24–7.49), sensation seeking (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.17–1.60), and ENDS use of a close peer (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.21–1.56).

This sample generalizes back to a population of 357 949 youth in the 4 cities in 5 counties where youth were sampled for this study.

P < .05.