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. 2019 Nov 15;10(Suppl 4):S351–S366. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy110

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Pooled HRs and 95% CIs for type 2 diabetes associated with replacement of 1 serving of individual animal protein foods (dairy foods, poultry, eggs, red meat, and processed meat), refined grains, and potatoes with 1 serving of vegetable protein foods (composite variable comprised of whole grains, legumes, peanuts, peanut butter, and other nuts) in the Nurses’ Health Study (1984–2008), Nurses’ Health Study II (1991–2009), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2008). The models adjusted for age; family history of diabetes; smoking; alcohol intake; physical activity; race/ethnicity; total energy intake; postmenopausal hormone use (Nurses’ Health Study, Nurses’ Health Study II); oral contraceptive use (Nurses’ Health Study II); intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit, and vegetables; and BMI. Results were mutually adjusted for other food sources of animal protein, refined grains, and potatoes. Reproduced from reference 57 with permission.