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. 2019 Nov 8;10:2543. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02543

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Copyright © 2019 Chen, Wang, Hong, Tan, Yan, Zhang, Liu, Pan and Zhao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mono- and mixed-species biofilms formation after 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h incubation using CV assay. (A) Mono-, mixed-species biofilms formed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus VP802 and Listeria monocytogenes LM115; (B) mono-, mixed-species biofilm formed by V. parahaemolyticus VP24 and L. monocytogenes LM5. The black square, blue triangle represent mono-species biofilm formed by V. parahaemolyticus and L. monocytogenes, respectively. The red circle represents mixed-species biofilms formed by V. parahaemolyticus and L. monocytogenes. Error bars represent the standard deviation of triplicate experiments.