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. 2019 Nov 8;10:2543. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02543

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Copyright © 2019 Chen, Wang, Hong, Tan, Yan, Zhang, Liu, Pan and Zhao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Biofilm developments of single- and mixed- species monitored by CLSM. (A) CLSM images (captured under the 20õ objective) showing the mono- and mixed-species biofilms formed by V. parahaemolyticus (VP802, VP24) and L. monocytogenes (LM115, LM5) after 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h cultivation, respectively. Scale bar: 50 μm. Quantification of structural parameters in biofilm based on the CLSM images using ISA2 software: (B) Bio-volume, (C) Biofilm mean thickness, (D) Biofilm porosity. Error bars represent standard deviation of three biological replicates.