Figure 3.

Perfusion/compression culture chamber hosting a 3D scaffold. (a) Removable culture unit. (b) Finite element model (FEM)-modelled chamber (grey) and scaffold (blue). Also shown are the stresses impacting over the scaffold when (c) perfusion (1 mL/min), (d) compression (1% axial deformation), and (e) perfusion and compression (1 mL/min and 1% axial deformation) are applied. In (c), the predominance of a light blue color shows low-shear stress with average values of about 10⁻⁶ Pa. In (d,e), the predominance of a yellow/orange color distribution shows higher-compressive stresses, with average values of about 100 Pa.