Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics and CCTA findings of RAO patients and controls.
| Variables | RAO (n = 41) | Control (n = 164) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central RAO | 32 (78) | ||||
| Age, yr | 61.7 ± 15.1 | 62.1 ± 14.6 | 0.881 | ||
| Gender | > 0.999 | ||||
| Men | 30 (73) | 120 (73) | > 0.999 | ||
| Women | 11 (27) | 44 (27) | |||
| Comorbidity | |||||
| Hypertension | 24 (59) | 73 (45) | 0.108 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 9 (22) | 31 (19) | 0.660 | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 22 (54) | 77 (47) | 0.442 | ||
| Obesitya | 12 (29) | 50 (31) | 0.879 | ||
| Smoking | 0.072b | ||||
| Current smoker | 11 (27) | 25 (15) | |||
| Ex-smoker | 7 (17) | 26 (16) | |||
| Never | 23 (56) | 113 (69) | |||
| CCTA | |||||
| CACS | 267.9 ± 674.9 | 120.2 ± 289.5 | 0.034 | ||
| CACS category | 0.159b | ||||
| 0 | 17 (41) | 78 (48) | |||
| 1–99 | 10 (24) | 48 (29) | |||
| 100–399 | 7 (17) | 23 (14) | |||
| ≥ 400 | 7 (17) | 15 (9) | |||
| CAD (obstructive or non-obstructive) | 25 (61) | 87 (53) | 0.362 | ||
| Obstructive CAD (≥ 50 DS) | 12 (29) | 24 (15) | 0.028 | ||
| SISc | 2.6 ± 3.0 | 1.6 ± 2.4 | 0.032 | ||
| SSSd | 3.6 ± 4.8 | 2.0 ± 3.3 | 0.016 | ||
| Subjects with SIS >4 | 10 (24) | 17 (10) | 0.018 | ||
| Subjects with SSS >8 | 7 (17) | 10 (6) | 0.023 | ||
| By CAP morphology | |||||
| Segments with any calcified plaque | 1.2 ± 2.0 | 0.9 ± 1.8 | 0.359 | ||
| Segments with any mixed plaque | 0.9 ± 1.8 | 0.6 ± 1.3 | 0.193 | ||
| Segments with any non-calcified plaque | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 | ||
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%). P < 0.05 was deemed to indicate clinical significance, values in boldface are statistically significant.
CCTA = coronary computed tomographic angiography, RAO = retinal artery occlusion, CACS = coronary artery calcium score, CAD = coronary artery disease, DS = diameter stenosis, SIS = segment-involvement score, SSS = segment-stenosis score, CAP = coronary artery plaque.
aObesity indicates body mass index ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, bLinear-by-linear association; cSIS: total number of coronary artery segments with exhibiting plaque, ranging from 0 to 15; dSSS: sum of the score of each segment graded as 0–2, ranging from 0 to 30 (0, no CAP; 1, < 50 DS; 2, ≥ 50 DS).