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The net reproductive rates (R0s) of five aphid genotypes on the complete-amino-acid diet (A) or Leu-free (B), Arg-free (C), Ile-free (D), Val-free (E), and Phe-free (F) diets before (Ars+) and after (Ars−) antibiotic treatment. * and ** indicate significant differences between antibiotic treatment and no treatment at P = 0.05 and P = 0.01, respectively. ns, no significant differences.
