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. 2019 Nov 14;9:16793. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53424-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Gross morphology showing paw oedema in the hind paws of experimental animals on day 20 after CIA (left panel) and day 49 after treatment (right panel). (a) Control normal rats (without CIA and without treatment) showed no signs of joint inflammation. (b) Arthritic rats (arthritis only) showed maximal swelling and redness over joints. (c) Arthritic rats supplemented with TRF (30 mg/kg body weight) showed reduced severity of paw inflammation.