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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2019 Dec;160(12):2829–2840. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001674

Figure 1. Chart of study flow.

Figure 1.

146 lumbar disc herniation patients with chronic pain (LDH-CP) and 165 healthy controls (HC) participated in this study and their brain anatomical and resting-state functional MRI images were acquired, of which 10 LDH-CPs and 8 HCs were excluded based on quality control (QC) (expounded in 2.5). The 136 QC-passed LDH-CPs were allocated to either the discovery or the validation group with matched age, gender, education level, current smoking status, pain duration and three pain-related components (the details are in 2.7). For each group, 68 HCs were randomly chosen from the pool of 157 QC-passed HCs with matched age and gender to its corresponding LDH-CP group. As an external reference group, 272 age- and gender-matched HCs were chosen from NITRC 1000 Connectome project database.