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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Anesthesiology. 2019 Dec;131(6):1301–1315. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002992

Figure 2.

Figure 2

mRNA cytokine expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of absence of 2% sevoflurane for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours. RNA was extracted and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed. A) mRNA expression of the proinflammatory mediators interleukin-1β (IL-1β), B) interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C) tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Values represent means ± standard deviation; n≥3<6, two-way ANOVA (group and time interaction); *** p=0.0006