FIGURE 3.

a) Transforming growth factor (TGF)-α and b) amphiregulin are upregulated and c) receptor tyrosine kinase epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is downregulated in pulmonary hypertension plasma. AU: arbitrary units; PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension; CTEPH: chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; PH-HFpEF: pulmonary hypertension due to diastolic heart failure (preserved ejection fraction); PH-HFrEF: pulmonary hypertension due to systolic heart failure (reduced ejection fraction); non-PH-HF: heart failure without pulmonary hypertension. *: p<0.05; **: p<0.01; ***: p<0.001; ****: p<0.0001.