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. 2019 Nov 14;9:16843. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53317-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Ultrastructural analysis in the hippocampal CA1 str. radiatum reveals that the lack of Caskin1 and Caskin2 leads to smaller dendritic spines. (A) Representative electron micrographs from the CA1 region. Scale bars indicate 300 nm. (B–E) Quantitative evaluation of dendritic spine morphology of Caskin dHZ (n = 561; 3 mice, light grey) and Caskin dKO (n = 552; 3 mice; dark grey) littermates, displaying average active zone length (B), spine area (C), PSD length (D) and circularity of the dendritic spines (E). Boxplots show the median (middle lines) and the 25–75 percentiles of data while individual dots represent single spine values. Cumulative distribution functions are displayed on the right, with solid and dashed lines representing Caskin dHZ and Caskin dKO data, respectively. Asterisks represent significant differences compared to Caskin dHZ values. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.