Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients (n = 127).
| Variables | |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 60 [54–65] |
| Female sex, N (%) | 48 (38) |
| Education, years | 14.0 ± 2.6 |
| Race, white/black/Asian/other, N (%) | 102 (80)/8 (6)/8 (6)/17 (6)/8 (6) |
| Hispanic, N (%) | 17 (13) |
| BMI | 30.7 ± 6.8 |
| NIHTB demographic‐adjusted T‐score | |
| FICA | 36.7 ± 7.6 |
| DCCS | 44.5 ± 10.4 |
| LSWM | 43.2 ± 10.5 |
| PCPS | 38.1 ± 13.6 |
| Average | 40.5 ± 8.6 |
| WHG 0/1/2, N (%) | 105 (83)/14 (11)/8 (6) |
| MELD‐Na | 13 [9–17.5] |
| Leukocyte count, K/L | 5.1 ± 2.1 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.3 ± 3.4 |
| Platelets, K/L | 108.1 ± 66.0 |
| Sodium, mEq/L | 137.3 ± 3.9 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.0 ± 0.5 |
| INR | 1.3 ± 0.3 |
| Bilirubin, total, mg/dL | 2.5 ± 1.9 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.4 ± 0.6 |
| TIPS, N (%) | 21 (17) |
| Etiology of cirrhosis, alcohol/viral/NASH/other, N (%) | 49 (39)/36 (28)/27 (21)/15 (12) |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma, N (%) | 27 (21) |
| Current treatment for HE, N (%) | 75 (59) |
| Lactulose, N (%) | 65 (51) |
| Rifaximin, N (%) | 62 (49) |
| Both, N (%) | 52 (41) |
| History of cirrhosis complications | |
| OHE, N (%) | 75 (59) |
| Hepatorenal syndrome, N (%) | 16 (13) |
| Hepatopulmonary syndrome, N (%) | 8 (6) |
| Peritonitis, N (%) | 12 (9) |
| Hyponatremia, N (%) | 76 (60) |
| Ascites, N (%) | 87 (69) |
| Variceal bleed, N (%) | 91 (72) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Diabetes, N (%) | 38 (36) |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 78 (54) |
| Hyperlipidemia, N (%) | 29 (23) |
| Sleep apnea, N (%) | 23 (18) |
Data are presented as mean ± SD for normally distributed variables median [interquartile range] for non‐normal variables unless otherwise noted.
BMI, Body mass index; MELD, model for end‐stage liver disease; NASH, non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis; NIHTB, National Institute of Health Toolbox for the Assessment of Neurological Behavior and Functions; DCCS, Dimensional Change Card Sort; FICA, Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention; LSWM, List Sorting Working Memory; PCPS, Pattern Comparison Processing Speed; OHE, overt hepatic encephalopathy; TIPS, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; WHG, West‐Haven Criteria Grade.