Figure 1.

GV1001 inhibits cell viability and induces apoptosis in CRPC cells. (A) Human CRPC cell lines were treated with GV1001 (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 µM) for 48 h and cell viability was assessed. (B) Apoptotic cells were evaluated by TUNEL assay in DU145 and PC3 cells treated as indicated. The ratio of TUNEL positive cells was calculated as the number of cells with positive TUNEL staining (red) divided by the number of cells with positive cells staining (blue). All images are 400x magnification. (C) Evaluation of GV1001-induced apoptosis in CRPC cells by flow cytometry. The percentages of apoptotic cells were analyzed by dot plot. All data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.05 compared with controls. (D) Western blot analysis for Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in CRPC cells after GV1001 treatment. The β-actin housekeeping protein was used as an internal control.