TABLE 2.

Unadjusted Rates of Opioid Overdose by Participant Characteristics

Characteristic	No. Overdose Events	Person-Years Observed	Rate of Overdose per 100 000 Person-Years (95% CI)	P
Total sample	725	2 554 413	28 (26–31)
Sociodemographic variables
Age, y				.0012
11	17	75 003	23 (14–36)
12	29	190 734	15 (11–22)
13	55	255 595	22 (17–28)
14	101	347 299	29 (24–35)
15	142	471 725	30 (26–35)
16	193	586 357	33 (29–38)
17	188	627 701	30 (26–35)
Sex				.09
Female	388	1 286 397	30 (27–33)
Male	337	1 268 016	27 (24–30)
MSA				.6
MSA	101	371 400	27 (22–33)
Non-MSA	624	2 183 014	29 (26–31)
Region				<.0001
North Central	180	650 665	28 (24–32)
Northeast	87	341 130	26 (21–31)
South	257	1 022 073	25 (22–28)
West	187	502 329	37 (32–43)
Unknown	14	38 216	37 (22–62)
Health conditions
Complex chronic condition				.33
No	615	2 202 761	28 (22–62)
Yes	110	351 652	31 (26–38)
Anxiety				<.0001
No	591	2 400 919	25 (23–27)
Yes	134	153 494	87 (74–103)
Mood				<.0001
No	534	2 373 316	23 (21–24)
Yes	191	181 098	105 (92–122)
Substance				<.0001
No	659	2 527 276	26 (24–28)
Yes	66	27 137	243 (191–310)
Alcohol				<.0001
No	688	2 540 378	27 (25–29)
Yes	37	14 035	264 (191–364)
Opioid prescribing variables
Type of opioid prescribed				<.0001
Oxycodone	94	388 308	24 (20–30)
Codeine	108	481 449	22 (19–27)
Hydrocodone	450	1 598 702	28 (26–31)
Tramadol	70	81 927	85 (68–108)
Other	3	4027	75 (24–231)
Morphine equivalent daily dose, mg/kg per d				.017
<0.5	248	753 589	33 (29–37)
0.5–0.9	323	1 189 651	27 (24–30)
>0.9	154	611 173	25 (22–30)
Quantity of opioid tablets supplied				.01
0–18	218	835 340	26 (23–30)
19–30	399	1 423 794	28 (25–31)
>30	108	295 279	37 (30–44)
No. opioid prescriptions during study period				<.0001
1	337	1 387 794	24 (22–27)
2	153	597 754	26 (22–30)
≥3	235	568 865	41 (36–47)

MSA, metropolitan statistical area.