Figure 1.

Interaction network between Ficus and pollinating and galling wasps, including mutualism of Ficus and pollinating wasps, competition between pollinating and galling wasps, and antagonism (parasitism) of Ficus by galling wasps. Blue and red arrows indicate positive and negative interactions, respectively. The arrows linking pollinating and galling wasps are dashed to indicate ambiguity concerning whether competition is symmetrical or asymmetrical, with one partner having a consistent advantage.