Figure 2.

DNA nanoparticle (DNP) treatment induces interferon type I (IFN‐I) and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) activity in non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Pre‐diabetic NOD female mice (age 8 weeks) were treated with DNP or vehicle and 24 hr later levels of serum IFN‐I (a) and IDO activity in pancreas (b), spleen (c) and pancreatic lymph nodes (d, PLN) were determined. (n = 3–6/group). Data are representative of five independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined by two‐tailed unpaired Student’s t‐test; *P < 0·05, **P < 0·01, ***P < 0·001.