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. 2019 Oct 15;158(4):353–361. doi: 10.1111/imm.13122

Figure 3.

Figure 3

DNA nanoparticle (DNP) and insulin treatments synergize to restrain type 1 diabetes (T1D) progression and reduce incidence in non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice. (a) Pre‐diabetic NOD female mice (age 12 weeks) were given vehicle (closed circles), DNP plus insulin B chain (InsB) treatment (open circles), InsB (squares), or DNPs only (diamonds) from age 12–20 weeks. (b) Other NOD mice were given oral 1‐methyl‐[d]‐tryptophan (1‐MT) plus InsB plus DNP (closed squares). Blood glucose levels (BGLs) were monitored until mice were age 45 weeks or at T1D onset (BGL > 250 mg/dl) and T1D incidence was plotted (n = 20/group). Two data sets from panel (a) are replicated in panel (b) to facilitate comparison. Data are representative of two independent experiments that generated comparable outcomes. Statistical significance was evaluated using the Log‐rank test, **P < 0·01, NS, not significant.