Table 1.
Programming of the tumor microenvironment and immune system
| NP platform | Immunotherapeuticagent | Function | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Programming of Tumor cells | |||
| Peptide assembling NPs |
DPPA-1 NLG919 |
To block immune checkpoints and tryptophan metabolism | 72 |
| BCPN | OXA IDO inhibitor |
To trigger ICD To relieve immunosuppression |
75 |
| Anti-CD47@CaCO3 | Anti-CD47 antibody | To block the 'don't eat me' signal To activate the immune system TAM polarization |
80 |
| Programming of APCs | |||
| sHDL nanodiscs | CSS-antigen (Cho-CpG) |
To promote antigen presentation and induce DC maturation To elicit anti-tumor T-cell responses |
83 |
| iDR-NCs | CpG shRNA Neoantigen |
To activate APCs To elicit neoantigen-specific T cells To induce antitumor immunity |
90 |
| Programming of T cells | |||
| Polymer NPs | 194-1BBz CAR Anti-CD3e f(ab′)2 |
To program tumor-specific circulating T cells Long-term tumor regression |
105 |
| Protein nanogels (NGs) | IL-15Sa Anti-CD45 |
To deliver TCR-signaling-responsive backpacks Selectively expanded T cells in tumors Substantial tumor growth inhibition |
106 |
| Lipid nanocapsules (NCs) |
SN-38 | To specifically target lymphoma cells To improve the therapeutic index of chemotherapeutics |
109 |
| Programming of TAM | |||
| β-cyclodextrin NPs |
R848 | To achieve efficient TAM delivery To alter the myeloid phenotype To improve immune response |
114 |
| Iron oxide NPs (ferumoxytol) |
Intrinsic therapeutic effect | To increase caspase-3 activity 'Off label' to protect from metastasis |
115 |